The Ultimate Guide on the Benefits of Fragrance
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The Connection to Fragrance
When I was young, I loved playing with My Little Ponies and each one of them had their unique signature smell like cotton candy or cherry. I saved some of them in a memory box and anytime I open that box and smell them, I’m immediately taken back to my childhood. Our sense of smell is one of the most powerful senses we have and fragrance can be incredibly therapeutic and comforting for many of us.
“The fragrance connection runs very deep. There’s some evidence for a genetic preference for scents, so you’re more likely to be drawn to scents that trigger positive memories and emotions based on neurological connections built by life’s experiences.” [2]
Maybe you’re drawn to tropical fragrances because they remind you of your favorite vacation or cinnamon because it reminds you of the holidays. Perhaps you’ve used the scent of lavender or bergamot to fall asleep, bringing you a sense of calm and relaxation.
“Whether you know it or not, the sense of smell plays an important role in the physiological effects of mood, stress, and working capacity”. [1]
Why Do We Have a Connection to Fragrance?
Of all our senses, our sense of smell is uniquely linked to memory and emotion, called the Proustian memory effect. “This memory effect shows that memories of fragrance have been shown to be longer-lasting and more detailed than memories created from other senses”. [2]
“In the center of your brain are the parts that deal in emotion and memory, known as the limbic system. And, at the very front of the limbic system is the olfactory bulb, where scents are quickly and powerfully translated from the cells in your nose to the cells in your brain, triggering emotions, memories, and even the sudden desire for chocolate chip cookies.” [2]
Pretty cool, right?
General Benefits
In this blog, we will only discuss the psychological and physiological benefits of aromatherapy, or using our sense of smell, as opposed to using it topically.
Research has shown that scent can affect how we feel and how our brains function. We know that we associate memories with scent, but can it positively affect us in other ways? Absolutely.
The power of fragrance cannot be understated. Not to mention that having a scented candle burning in the kitchen or bedroom can provide ambiance and serenity to your space as well!
The Power of Aromatherapy
According to The National Library of Medicine, fragrances from various natural sources have been used to treat various disorders. The aromatherapy treatment is a natural way of healing a person’s mind, body, and soul. The term ‘aromatherapy’ was first coined in 1920 by Rene-Maurice Gattefosse, a French chemist who specifically treated injury and disease by using natural fragrance essential oils.
Did you know that when you inhale fragrance, those fragrance compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with the central nervous system? That’s right. This means that fragrance highly affects brain function and produces immediate changes in blood pressure, muscle tension, pupil dilation, skin temperature, pulse rate, and brain activity. [1]
Specific medicinal and aromatic plants that were used to treat a variety of ailments included:
Bergamot
Rosemary
Lemongrass
Ylang-Ylang
Tea Trea
Lemon
Eucalyptus
… and more! The natural fragrances from plants and animals were predominantly used until the end of the 19th century.[1]
Psychological & Physiological Benefits of Aromatherapy and Fragrance
Research and studies have shown that there are legitimate reasons we are connected to scent and the general benefits of aromatherapy and fragrance. Let’s now take a deeper dive into how scent can affect our mood, behavior, emotions, and state of being.
According to The National Library of Medicine:
Lavender oil may be an effective medicine in the treatment of various psychophysiological disorders
Fragrances affected concentration on work and mentally stabilized them when compared with no fragrance
Magnolia kobus aroma reveals alterations in EEG activity to awaken and enhance the concentration states of the brain
Mentha arvensis (wild mint) is associated with reducing mental stress
The higher alpha wave activity (wakeful relaxation) is highly correlated with a reduced level of stress
Fragrances significantly influence the activities of different brain waves and are responsible for various states of the brain
Jasmine is associated with the increase of positive emotions such as the feeling of well-being or feeling active, fresh, and romantic
Several studies have scientifically supported the beneficial use of various aromatic plants in aromatherapy
The olfactory system (how we process smell) plays a significant role in central nervous system functions.
I. helenium (horse heal) root may increase the alertness state of the brain
Lavender has anxiolytic (a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety), mood stabilizer, sedative, analgesic and other neuroprotective properties
L. angustifolia (English Lavender) aroma may have a beneficial effect on female adults with sleep disorders
In other words, our brains are wired to respond to scents, which can affect how we feel, our stress levels, our behavior, our focus, and much more.
An Overview of Fragrance Families
Knowing which family of fragrances you’re most drawn to is a benefit in and of itself. Have you ever fallen in love with a scent and then struggled to find others like it? That’s probably because you didn’t know which fragrance family it belonged to! Once I learned about these families, I had clarity and understanding that I never knew before, and it has made a world of difference when I shop for scents and mix them. So, let’s see what they are!
There are four scent families: woody, floral, amber, and fresh. There are a couple of other iterations of this scent wheel, but we’re going to use these four.
I introduce to you, The Fragrance Wheel.
These families each take a respective space on the Fragrance Wheel, a circular diagram that illustrates the four scent families with each of their corresponding subfamilies.
Michael Edwards invented the Fragrance Wheel to help perfumers, candle makers, and fragrance lovers by placing families with common olfactory characteristics next to one another. For each of these four families, they are further broken down into subfamilies that are side-by-side on the wheel.
Blending The Families
As a general guide, mixing fragrances next to each other on the Fragrance Wheel will produce “Kindred” or “Comforting” notes. These fragrance combinations are similar in profile and blend to create familiar, comforting scents.
Mixing fragrances opposite on the wheel produces “Complimentary” notes. Blending two fragrances from opposite sides of the fragrance wheel will produce highly complex and interesting blends. These happen to be my personal favorites because they have such unique characteristics.
The Fragrance Families and Subfamilies
The Fresh Family
Fresh fragrances usually comprise citrus, water, and green notes, which means they have refreshing, zesty, and vibrant smells. They are reminiscent of herbal and leafy scents such as rosemary and mint and produce crisp, zingy, and aromatic notes with underlying woody tones. Fresh fragrances are the most diverse family on the wheel, as they can be oceanic, citrusy, bright, or herbal.
Fresh Subfamilies:
*Aromatic
Aromatics balance sharp and spicy notes with woody mellowness.
Aroma: Clean, Natural, Sharp
Examples: Basil, Black Tea, Camphor, Chamomile, Cypress, Gin, Hemp, Juniper, Mint, Peppermint, Rosemary, Saffron, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Sage, Green Tea
*Citrus
Citrus fragrances are bright, tangy, and zesty.
Aroma: Sharp, Zesty, Bright
Examples: Bergamot, Communelle, Sweet Orange, Orange Bigarade, Mandarin, Clementine, Yuzu, Lime, Lemon, Lemongrass, Citron, Verbena, Grapefruit
*Water
These aromas are light and have an ozonic scent.
Aroma: Light, Airy, Aquatic, Ozonic
Examples: Ozone, Sea Salt, Sea Mist, Ocean
*Green
Green fragrances are reminiscent of freshly cut grass or the lushness of bamboo
Aroma: Lush, Sharp, Grassy, Leafy,
Examples: Grass, Agave, Aloe, Bamboo, Cucumber, Green Leaves, Moss, Palm, Rhubarb
The Floral Family
As the name suggests, this family includes anything with a sweet and flowery scent. It’s one of the broadest families and can range from light and delicate to complex and intense. This family includes florals such as rose, jasmine, orange blossom, and lily of the valley.
Floral Subfamilies:
*Fruity
Fruity fragrances are tropical, fruity, and vibrant
Aroma: Exotic, Fresh, Sweet, Vibrant
Examples: Apple, Berry, Black Cherry, Cranberry, Fig, Guava, Melon, Mango, Peach, Red Currant, Plum
*Soft Floral
Referred to as delicate florals, these are sweet, delicate, and soft
Aroma: Powdery, Smooth, Creamy, Soft
Examples: Rose, Violet, Dafodil, Lilac, Magnolia, Mimosa, Geranium
*Floral
These fragrances are focused on preserving the freshness of flowers
Aroma: Spicy, Bright, Woody
Examples: Cherry Blossom, Chrysanthemum, Freesia, Green Floral, Jasmine, Lily of the Valley, Orchid
*Floral Oriental (Amber)
This subfamily has the richness of amber and the freshness of florals
Aroma: Sweet Spices, Warm, Powdery
Examples: Blends of oriental and floral fragrances to create warm, deep, exotic scents
The Oriental Family
The Oriental subfamily is synonymous with the Amber subfamily. This group of fragrances is warm, sweet, and luxurious. They’re often considered sensual and exotic since they include notes of cardamom, cinnamon, and vanilla and floral notes such as jasmine, orchid, and orange blossom.
Oriental (Amber) Subfamilies:
*Soft Oriental
This subfamily mixes oriental notes with more delicate floral ones to create beautiful, warm fragrances.
Aroma: Intense, Warm, Spicy, Earthy
Examples: Soft floral and intense oriental aromas. Delicate floral notes, warm spices, heady incense, Cinnamon, cardamom, vanilla, and musk are typical aromas. Intense, earthy, and spicy sensual notes like agarwood and oud
*Oriental
These have sweet, sharp notes that are rich and warm
Aroma: Intoxicating, Sensual, Elegant
Examples: Vanilla, Tonka Bean, Myrrh, Frankincense, Cinnamon, Resin, Clove, Ginger, Peppercorn, Saffron, Fennel
*Woody Oriental
This subfamily blends woody musk with classic oriental scents.
Aroma: Warm, Earthy, Cosy, Sensual, Musky
Examples: Blends of Sandalwood and Patchouli, Cedar and Vanilla, or Cinnamon and Brown Sugar, Amyris
The Woody Family
The Woody Family is warm, timeless, and captivating, with cedarwood, sandalwood, vetiver, and amber scents. Woody scents are earthy, smoky, or leathery and are described as being opulent and mysterious.
These fragrances bring a sense of grounding and sophistication to any space. The woody aromas evoke images of wandering through a serene forest, enveloping you in a cozy embrace.
Woody Subfamilies:
*Woods
The perfume notes in this fragrance subfamily are dry but aromatic.
Aroma: Dry, Potent, Sensual, Smoky
Examples: Sandalwood, Cedar, Patchouli, Balsam, Oakmoss, Cypress, Pine, Nootka Tree
*Mossy Woods (Chypra - ‘shee-pra’)
These have a deep, earthy aroma and not as dry as the Woods subfamily
Aroma: Mossy, Sweet, Mellow, Smooth, Light
Examples: Blends of Oakmoss and Patchouli, Amber and Citrus, or Sandalwood and Violet
*Dry Woods
These scents have a smoky aroma or that of burnt wood.
Aroma: Leathery, Smoky, Deep
Examples: Cedar, Tobacco, Vetiver, Palo Santo, Oud, Teakwood
When exploring the realm of fragrances, understanding a scent's family and subfamily can significantly enhance your olfactory journey. By recognizing these classifications, one can navigate the intricate world of aromas with more clarity and confidence. This knowledge becomes particularly advantageous when blending scents to create a unique and harmonious fragrance or when selecting a new addition to your collection. Whether you are drawn to the freshness of citrus notes, the warmth of oriental blends, or the elegance of florals, discerning a fragrance's family and subfamily equips you with the insight needed to curate a signature scent that resonates with your individual preferences.
The Fragrance Notes
Fragrances have what are called “Top,” “Middle” (or ‘Heart"‘), and “Bottom” notes. These notes determine which scents you smell first, which ones last the longest, and which ones you smell the most!
In the “Fragrance Note Pyramid” above, you will notice that the notes relate to a part of the triangle, how long those notes last, and examples of some well-known fragrances for each category.
Top Notes:
Top Notes are also called the ‘Head’ or ‘Opening’ notes and describe the scent you smell immediately after smelling a candle or perfume.
These notes evaporate very quickly, but this is most likely the smell you will associate with the product. Think of Top Notes as the first impression! These fragrance notes last between 5 and 15 minutes before evaporating entirely.
Middle (Heart) Notes
After the Top Notes have evaporated, the Middle Notes will make their grand entrance. These notes are the body of the fragrance and will last 20 - 60 minutes.
They will also wait until they’re burned off to make way for the Bottom, or Base, Notes. They have an important function: helping the Top and Bottom Notes merge harmoniously!
Bottom (Base) Notes
After the Top and Middle Notes evaporate, the Bottom Notes emerge and last between 5 to 6 hours. This is the fragrance you will remember the most!
Note: Many fragrance products have their own variation of this pyramid with different structures to fit what they need, but this is the most widely used one and is the basis of many fragrances. This is a guide, not a rule.
Benefits of Specific Fragrances
Phew! That’s a lot to take in. I’ve always wondered why our connection to scent was so strong and why I always think of my trip to Hawaii with my family whenever I smell coconut.
Have you ever wondered about the benefits of some of your favorite fragrances? Me too! In this section, we’ll examine the benefits of some of the most commonly used fragrances.
Use the search box to find a fragrance!
A
Amber
Amber is earthy, rich, woody, and soothing and evokes warmth, nostalgia, and calmness. It promotes emotional balance, peace, and sleep quality and has been known to be highly grounding. Amber is relaxing, which helps to improve mood and enhance an overall sense of well-being.
Family: Oriental Subfamily: Oriental
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Amber:
B
Bergamot
Bergamot is widely recognized for its ability to promote relaxation and alleviate symptoms of anxiety and stress, which in turn may help to ease feelings of depression. This soothing and calming scent is frequently utilized in aromatherapy for its sedative properties, making it a popular choice to aid in enhancing sleep quality.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Citrus
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Bergamot:
Cedarwood
Cedarwood is sweet and woody from the Virginian Cedarwood, recognized for its warm, comforting, and sedative qualities. This beloved scent is a natural stress reliever, aiding in enhancing concentration and focus. Embraced for its ability to foster restful sleep and tranquility, cedarwood is a staple for those seeking peace and relaxation.
Family: Woody Subfamily: Dry Woods
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Cedarwood:
C
Citrus
This multifaceted scent incorporates a blend of various citrus fruits, delivering a harmonious combination that is soothing and mood-lifting. Renowned for its calming effects, this fragrance aids in alleviating anxiety and soothing irritability while providing a revitalizing burst of energy. Scientifically proven to lower stress levels, citrus scents evoke a feeling of freshness and purity, enhancing the overall ambiance.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Citrus
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Citrus:
Coconut
Coconut is known for its calming and relaxing properties, which can effectively reduce anxiety levels. Many individuals rely on this aromatic gem as a sleep aid to improve their quality of rest and enhance their overall mood. In aromatherapy, experts suggest that the uplifting and calming effects of coconut may also relieve symptoms of depression, making it a versatile choice for soothing the mind and body.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Citrus
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Coconut:
Cotton
Cotton captures a sense of purity and simplicity, evoking images of freshly washed linens and a tranquil ambiance. When integrated into aromatherapy practices, it can profoundly soothe the mind, elevate spirits, and enhance focus. Additionally, individuals have reported its potential to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality, making it a versatile and cherished resource for wellness rituals.
Family: Floral Subfamily: Soft Floral
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Cotton:
Cypress
Cypress is well-known for its rich and earthy scent and for its effectiveness in promoting clear airways and fostering a serene breathing experience. This unique fragrance is highly praised for its revitalizing properties, which help to energize the spirit and uplift the mood, contributing to a harmonious and grounded emotional state.
Family: Woody Subfamily: Woods
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Cypress:
E
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus is renowned for its efficacy in enhancing respiratory function, attributed to its remarkable capacity to clear air passages. This invigorating aroma induces a feeling of serenity and purity, fosters mental focus, and alleviates anxiety. Additionally, it serves as a gentle deodorizer, a potent decongestant, and harbors antibacterial qualities.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Aromatic
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Eucalyptus:
G
Green Tea
Unlike many other aromatherapy scents, the scent of green tea relaxes your mind and sharpens your mental focus, creating a unique, calming, invigorating sensation. This dual effect makes it ideal for those seeking relaxation without drowsiness. Green tea's calming properties help with stress relief and may reduce blood pressure. Use green tea aromatherapy when studying or working to boost focus and productivity.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Aromatic
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Green Tea:
J
Jasmine
Jasmine scent is known for its powerful connection to the arousal of your autonomic nervous system. This stimulating effect promotes alertness, focus, and clarity and boosts energy levels. Moreover, jasmine has been associated with alleviating symptoms of menopause, making it a versatile and beneficial aroma for overall well-being.
Family: Floral Subfamily: Floral
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Jasmine:
L
Lavender
Lavender has long been celebrated for its calming properties. Extensive research has demonstrated its ability to soothe brain waves, ease stress, and promote better sleep. Additionally, studies have revealed its effectiveness in lowering cortisol levels, leading to a brighter mood. Known for its hormone-regulating qualities, lavender is valued for its capacity to alleviate tension and potentially alleviate symptoms of depression.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Aromatic
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Lavender:
Lemon
Breathing in Lemon can be beneficial in reducing fever and alleviating symptoms of the flu, along with soothing sore throats. Similar to eucalyptus, it aids in clearing nasal congestion, leading to improved breathing. The vibrant citrus scent is known to enhance focus, boost energy levels, and evoke a feeling of freshness. By incorporating Lemon into your routine, you can experience a revitalizing effect on your mood and a heightened sense of tranquility.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Citrus
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Lemon:
Lemongrass
Lemongrass's aroma is highly regarded for its potential to enhance mental strength by alleviating anxiety, fostering self-esteem, boosting confidence, and instilling hope. This enchanting scent not only has a calming effect on the mind but also helps to ease tension, further promoting feelings of tranquility.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Citrus
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Lemongrass:
Lily of the Valley
Lily of the Valley, known for enhancing emotional, mental, and spiritual wellness, is celebrated for its capacity to evoke feelings of happiness, serenity, and tranquility. Harnessing its soothing and peaceful qualities, this delicate flower is favored for its potential to support restful sleep, achieving a profound sense of relaxation and calmness.
Family: Floral Subfamily: Floral
Ritual Candles with Lily of the Valley:
M
Musk
Musk, known as the staple for sensuality in fragrances, exudes a remarkable sense of warmth and comfort. Due to its close association with human-like scents, musk evokes feelings of familiarity and safety, making it a grounding aroma that can effectively soothe anxiety. Furthermore, for some individuals, musk is a potent aphrodisiac, enhancing its allure and intrigue.
Family: Oriental Subfamily: Woody Oriental
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Musk:
N
Nootka Tree
Nootka oil, derived from the magnificent Nootka cedar tree found in the lush Pacific Northwest region, carries a fragrant essence that evokes the forest's encompassing presence. This distinct aroma brightens and clarifies the surrounding environment, offering mental rejuvenation and emotional elevation. Known for its ability to alleviate fatigue, stress, and negative energies, Nootka is a revitalizing agent that refreshes the mind, instilling newfound energy and fostering a positive outlook on mood and well-being.
Family: Woody Subfamily: Woods
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Nootka Tree:
O
Ozone
Ozone is the distinctive scent you encounter after a rainfall, carrying a refreshing and invigorating quality. This unique aroma encapsulates the crispness of an electric thunderstorm, evoking tranquility and a connection to the natural world. Breathing in the ozone can uplift your spirits, leaving you with a renewed sense of vitality and energy.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Water
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Ozone:
P
Palo Santo
Palo Santo is a captivating woody and earthy fragrance that is often embraced for its aromatic qualities, commonly used as incense in serene, meditative environments. Known for its profoundly calming properties, it is revered for its capacity to alleviate stress. Many individuals find that burning Palo Santo aids in mental clarity, enhancing introspection and concentration. Additionally, its grounding nature promotes mental purification and inner cleansing, contributing to a tranquil state of mind.
Family: Woody Subfamily: Dry Woods
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Palo Santo:
Patchouli
This floral aroma, commonly known as a natural odor eliminator, has been recognized for its multifaceted benefits. Not only does it assist in improving mood and promoting better sleep, but it also aids in inducing relaxation by triggering the release of serotonin and dopamine in the body. Patchouli emerges as a powerful tool to cultivate a serene ambiance, enhance cognitive function, and foster an overall sense of well-being through its use in aromatherapy practices.
Family: Woody Subfamily: Woods
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Patchouli:
Pine
This beautiful fragrance is believed to have cleansing, stimulating, uplifting, and invigorating effects. Its versatile nature not only eases stress and uplifts your mood but also energizes your mind and body. Perfect for awakening your senses, enhancing focus, and fostering a positive outlook, this scent truly offers a multifaceted sensory experience.
Family: Woody Subfamily: Woods
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Pine:
R
Rosemary
Rosemary is an invigorating fragrance that positively influences stress levels, tension, mental alertness, clarity, concentration, and intuitive thinking. Its fatigue-fighting properties make it an excellent choice for kickstarting your day. Beyond that, rosemary is recognized for its appetite-regulating effects and ability to decrease detrimental stress hormones.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Aromatic
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Rosemary:
S
Sage
Sage's scent is renowned for stimulating and clarifying the mind on cerebral, emotional, and spiritual levels and bringing about a sense of balance, positivity, and strength to the senses. This unique aroma can soothe and alleviate negative moods, particularly feelings of fatigue, making it a must-have for those seeking mental clarity and emotional wellness.
Family: Fresh Subfamily: Aromatic
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Sage:
Sandalwood
One of the most sought-after scents, Sandalwood is revered for its myriad benefits. Not only does it evoke feelings of peace and tranquility, but it also helps improve mood, reduce tension and anxiety, enhance mental alertness, and foster feelings of harmony and sensuality. Moreover, its unique aroma promotes a sense of spiritual well-being, cultivating calmness and inner balance.
Family: Woody Subfamily: Woods
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Sandalwood:
T
Teakwood
Teakwood has a woody and warm aroma that is deeply associated with the beach and serene environments. It evokes feelings of peace and tranquility. Embracing this scent can improve sleep quality, reduce stress levels, and enhance focus, ushering in a profound sense of serenity and positivity.
Family: Woody Subfamily: Dry Woods
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Teakwood:
Tonka Bean
Tonka Bean is a versatile ingredient found in the caramel, almond, and vanilla fragrance families. Its subtle hints of nutmeg and toasted almonds add depth to its earthy, warm aroma. This scent not only brings a comforting sense of calm but also aids in relaxation and fosters restful sleep. Additionally, some find Tonka Bean to have aphrodisiac qualities, further enhancing its allure.
Family: Oriental Subfamily: Oriental
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Tonka Bean:
V
Vanilla
The comforting scent of Vanilla has a remarkable ability to evoke joyful memories, particularly from one's early years, instilling a sense of bliss and enhancing overall wellness. With its grounding, relaxing, and nostalgic nature, this delightful aroma uplifts the spirit and encourages restful sleep. Vanilla's soothing essence fosters tranquility and a brighter perspective on life.
Family: Oriental Subfamily: Oriental
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Vanilla:
Vetiver
Vetiver, a perennial grass from the Poaceae family, is renowned for its profound balancing, calming, and grounding properties. With its ability to promote deep sleep, this versatile botanical not only soothes feelings of anger, anxiety, exhaustion, irritability, and stress but also envelops you in a warm and calming embrace.
Family: Woody Subfamily: Dry Woods
Ritual Candle Co. Products with Vetiver:
Is there a fragrance you’d like added to this list?
If there’s a fragrance you’d like added to the list, open the form below, fill it out, and send it my way!
In Conclusion
Science shows that the benefits of fragrance are well-documented and studied; however, it’s always worth noting that any one fragrance can have different effects on any two people, given their history, DNA, gender, etc.
It’s clear that fragrances enhance, improve, and induce an array of health benefits! We are connected to fragrance, and we all have our favorites as well as the ones we’d rather avoid. If you’ve read about a fragrance here that you weren’t already familiar with, try it out—unless you’re allergic to it, of course. You never know what new scent may become your new favorite!
Sources:
[1] National Library of Medicine - Influence of Fragrances on Human Psychophysiological Activity: With Special Reference to Human Electroencephalographic Response
[2] The Fragrance Conservatory - Benefits of Fragrance
[3] New Directions Aromatics - Benefits and Uses
[4] Lore Perfumery - Psychology of Scent
[5] Nomad Noé - 4 Benefits of Jasmine Scent As Aromatherapy
[6] Medium - Japanese Green Tea and Aromatherapy
[7] Perfume Direct - A Guide to Fragrance Strengths and Types
[8] OS Perfume - The Fragrance Family (with examples)